Name: __________________________  Date: _____________

1.	What is the mass of Jupiter compared to other objects in the solar system?	
A)	20 times the mass of all other planets combined	
B)	Half the mass of the Sun	
C)	As large as the mass of Saturn and Neptune combined	
D)	Twice the mass of all other planets combined	

2.	What characteristic features are seen on the visible surface of Jupiter?	
A)	Light and dark bands parallel to the equator	
B)	Large volcanoes and a long, deep rift valley	
C)	A bluish-green, almost featureless, cloud layer	
D)	An almost featureless white cloud surface	

3.	What are the light-colored bands on Jupiter called?	
A)	Belts	
B)	Streams	
C)	Plumes	
D)	Zones	

4.	What is the Great Red Spot on Jupiter?	
A)	The summit of a large mountain that rises above the upper cloud level	
B)	A region over the south pole of Jupiter where ammonia compounds that absorb blue light have condensed in the colder atmosphere	
C)	The area where charged particles from the satellite Io collide with Jupiter's cloud tops	
D)	A large, long-lived, anticyclonic storm that is maintained by the differential rotation of Jupiter's atmosphere	

5.	Which feature of Jupiter leads to the confinement of its clouds in very narrow bands around the planet?	
A)	Its high gravitational field	
B)	Its powerful magnetic field	
C)	Convection currents and up-welling within its atmosphere	
D)	Its rapid rotation	

6.	The composition of the clouds that we see on Jupiter is	
A)	similar to those of the Earth throughout the whole atmosphere—water droplets and crystals of frozen water.	
B)	very different from those of the Earth, composed almost entirely of ammonia and ammonium hydrosulfide crystals and almost no water.	
C)	similar to those of the Earth (water droplets and crystals of frozen water) in the higher levels, but very different (e.g., ammonia crystals) in the lower levels.	
D)	similar to those of the Earth (water droplets and crystals of frozen water) in the lower levels, but very different (e.g., ammonia crystals and other chemicals) in the higher levels.	

7.	Which of the following chemicals is the most abundant in the outer atmosphere of Jupiter?	
A)	H2O (water vapor)	
B)	CH4 (methane)	
C)	NH3 (ammonia)	
D)	CO2 (carbon dioxide)	

8.	The predominant large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern on Jupiter is characterized by	
A)	strong winds blowing eastward at all latitudes, so that the entire atmosphere rotates faster than the planet.	
B)	isolated cyclones (low-pressure areas) and anticyclones (high-pressure areas), similar to those on the Earth.	
C)	strong winds blowing parallel to the equator, but in opposite directions at different latitudes.	
D)	strong winds blowing westward at all latitudes, so that the entire atmosphere rotates more slowly than the planet.	

9.	The low average density of Jupiter (about 1300 kg/m3 compared with that of water, 1000 kg/m3) indicates that this planet is composed mainly of	
A)	hydrogen and helium in gaseous form only because low temperatures and great pressures are needed to liquefy these gases.	
B)	water, compressed somewhat by gravity, maybe in the form of ice.	
C)	methane, ammonia, and water, from spectroscopic observation of its atmosphere.	
D)	hydrogen, in liquid or gaseous form.	

10.	What is the source of Jupiter's intense magnetic field?	
A)	Electric currents in ionized layers of Jupiter's atmosphere	
B)	Electric currents in Jupiter's molten iron core	
C)	A permanently magnetized iron core	
D)	Electric currents in Jupiter's liquid hydrogen layer	

11.	How does the magnetosphere of Jupiter compare to that of the Earth?	
A)	It is very similar to that of the Earth.	
B)	It is much larger because of Jupiter's large magnetic field and the weakness of the solar wind at Jupiter's orbital distance from the Sun.	
C)	Jupiter has no detectable magnetic field and hence no magnetosphere.	
D)	It is much smaller because Jupiter's magnetic field is much stronger than that of the Earth.	

12.	How many moons are now known to orbit Jupiter?	
A)	Only 4, discovered by Galileo	
B)	10	
C)	At least 60	
D)	None, just like Mercury and Venus	

13.	How many moons of Jupiter were seen by Galileo?	
A)	None because he had no telescope and was unable to see them with the naked eye	
B)	4, with his new telescope	
C)	28	
D)	Only 1	

14.	The overall interior structure of the Jovian planets is expected to be	
A)	three-layered: a rocky core covered by liquid metallic hydrogen and a thin gaseous hydrogen/helium atmosphere.	
B)	four-layered: a rocky core, a semi-fluid ice layer, a liquid mantle of hydrogen, and a gaseous hydrogen and helium atmosphere.	
C)	two-layered: a large, solid, rocky core surrounded by an extensive gaseous atmosphere.	
D)	four-layered: a solid inner core, a liquid iron outer core, a semi-fluid rocky mantle, and a solid crust.	

15.	Which is the largest planetary satellite in the solar system?	
A)	Our Moon	
B)	Neptune's satellite Triton	
C)	Jupiter's satellite Ganymede	
D)	Saturn's satellite Titan	

16.	“Markings” on the surface of Saturn are	
A)	of a completely different pattern from those on Jupiter, and more distinct.	
B)	similar in appearance to those on Jupiter, but much less distinct.	
C)	similar to those on Jupiter, but much more pronounced.	
D)	non-existent because Saturn shows completely uniform cloud-tops.	

17.	The physical structure of Saturn's rings is	
A)	a thin solid ring structured from ice and rock.	
B)	a sequence of many thousand separate ringlets consisting of ice blocks and ice-coated rock.	
C)	hot, ionized gas from the planet's magnetosphere.	
D)	a thin but extensive gas cloud over the equator.	

18.	Saturn's moon Titan is different from all other moons of the planets because	
A)	continuously erupting volcanoes are observed on it.	
B)	lakes of water with floating icebergs are seen on its surface.	
C)	its orbit carries it directly over both poles of the planet.	
D)	it possesses a thick atmosphere.	

19.	What is the appearance of Saturn's satellite Titan when viewed from space?	
A)	Its surface is not visible under a featureless cloud cover.	
B)	A smooth surface of ice is criss-crossed with innumerable streaks and cracks.	
C)	Volcanoes, lava flows, and sulfur dioxide frost are seen over its whole surface.	
D)	Dark islands of methane ice are seen in a bright ethane sea, covered by occasional clouds.	

20.	The major constituent of the atmosphere of Titan (the largest moon of Saturn) is	
A)	water vapor, H2O.	
B)	nitrogen, N2.	
C)	carbon dioxide, CO2.	
D)	methane, CH4.	

21.	What is the visual appearance of Uranus from space?	
A)	Perpetually covered with yellowish, sulfur-rich clouds	
B)	Blue-green with distinct white, high-altitude clouds and dark storms	
C)	Blue-green and featureless	
D)	Reddish belts and light zones parallel to the equator	

22.	By what angle is the rotation axis of Uranus tilted from the vertical to its orbit?	
A)	98°	
B)	Almost 180°	
C)	Less than 2°	
D)	25° (almost the same as the Earth's tilt)	

23.	Which planets rotate about their axes in a retrograde direction?	
A)	Venus, Uranus, and Pluto	
B)	Venus, Uranus, and Neptune	
C)	Mercury, Mars, and Uranus	
D)	Mercury, Venus, and Neptune	

24.	What is believed to be the basic structure of the interior of Uranus?	
A)	A rocky core, a thick layer of highly compressed liquid water, a thick outer layer of liquid hydrogen, and a thin gaseous atmosphere	
B)	A rocky core and a thick layer of liquid water covered by a thin gaseous atmosphere	
C)	A rocky core, a thick layer of liquid metallic hydrogen, and a thin gaseous atmosphere	
D)	An iron core, a thick layer of rock, and a solid icy surface covered by a thin gaseous atmosphere.	

25.	How were the rings of Uranus discovered?	
A)	From the Earth, when each ring momentarily blocked the light from a background star	
B)	By the Ulysses spacecraft when observing from above the Sun's north pole	
C)	By Voyager 2 during its pass through the Uranian system	
D)	By the Hubble Space Telescope, observing in infrared light	

26.	Miranda, a satellite of Uranus,	
A)	shows active geysers and resurfacing due to water flows.	
B)	has a thick atmosphere containing methane, nitrogen, and hydrocarbons.	
C)	shows an ancient surface uniformly covered with impact craters.	
D)	appears to have been reassembled from separate parts after being shattered by an impact.	

27.	How was Neptune discovered?	
A)	Accidentally, by an astronomer taking photographs for an all-sky survey	
B)	Accidentally, by an astronomer studying the sky visually through a telescope	
C)	By a careful application of Newton's laws to the somewhat irregular motions of Uranus	
D)	By a careful search with the Hubble Space Telescope	

28.	What is the visual appearance of Neptune from space?	
A)	Reddish belts and light zones parallel to the equator with large red spots	
B)	Blue-green and featureless	
C)	Perpetually covered with yellowish, sulfur-rich clouds	
D)	Blue-green with white, high-altitude clouds and dark storms	

29.	Neptune's predominantly blue appearance is caused by	
A)	preferential scattering away from the planet of the blue end of the solar spectrum, in a similar process to that operating in the Earth's atmosphere.	
B)	auroral emissions caused by solar wind particles exciting the atoms and molecules in Neptune's high atmosphere.	
C)	the fact that solar light has lost much of its red light by scattering in the interplanetary medium at the distance of Neptune.	
D)	absorption of the red end of the spectrum of reflected sunlight by the methane in its atmosphere.	

30.	Which ONE of the following four statements applies to ALL FOUR of the Jovian planets?	
A)	They are almost entirely made up of hydrogen and helium; only about 1% of the planet's mass is made up of heavier elements.	
B)	They are thought to have substantial rocky cores.	
C)	Liquid metallic hydrogen makes up a large part of their interiors.	
D)	Their spin axes are all approximately perpendicular to their orbital planes.	

31.	Which planets are believed to have a thick layer of water mixed with ammonia and methane in their interiors?	
A)	Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune	
B)	Saturn and Neptune	
C)	Uranus and Neptune	
D)	Saturn and Uranus	

32.	The electrically charged particles that produce electric currents and therefore magnetic fields when they move inside Uranus and Neptune are	
A)	electrons flowing through metallic iron in the planet's cores.	
B)	molecules such as ammonia (NH3), which become ionized when in solution in water.	
C)	liquid metallic hydrogen under immense pressure.	
D)	electrically conducting iron atoms in the molten cores.	

33.	What is the typical thickness of Saturn's rings?	
A)	150 km	
B)	15 km	
C)	300 m	
D)	2 km	

34.	Triton, the largest satellite of Neptune, has	
A)	a surface of ice with frozen lakes, plumes of escaping gas, and few craters.	
B)	a surface of ice in which ancient, densely cratered regions are surrounded by interconnecting systems of parallel ridges.	
C)	a thick atmosphere that hides the surface from view.	
D)	a densely cratered surface of ice with at least one very large ringed structure, indicating an ancient asteroid impact.	

35.	The effect of tidal forces caused by Triton on Neptune as it moves in its retrograde orbit will lead to Triton	
A)	spiraling outward from Neptune and eventual escape.	
B)	spiraling in toward Neptune to eventual destruction by differential tidal forces on the moon.	
C)	being captured by Pluto when next this planet passes inside the orbit of Neptune.	
D)	gradually moving from its elliptical orbit toward a perfectly circular orbit.	

36.	How was the planet Pluto discovered?	
A)	By prediction using Newton's laws to account for the deviations from uniform orbits of Uranus and Neptune	
B)	By the infrared cameras on the IRAS spacecraft	
C)	By Voyager spacecraft cameras, which were used between planetary encounters to survey the planetary system	
D)	By searching photographs of the sky for an object that moved against the background of distant stars	

37.	What is the moon of the planet Pluto called?	
A)	Chiron	
B)	Callisto	
C)	Charon	
D)	Triton	

38.	What is unique about the Pluto-Charon system, compared to all other planets in the solar system?	
A)	Both Pluto and Charon are volcanically active, with lava flows and vents of sulfur dioxide gas.	
B)	Charon is an icy moon, but it is in orbit around a giant planet made mostly of liquid hydrogen.	
C)	Pluto has only one satellite.	
D)	Both Pluto and Charon are in synchronous rotation, so each object maintains the same face toward the other object at all times.	

39.	What is the probable composition of both Pluto and its satellite, Charon, based on their average densities?	
A)	About half rock and half ice	
B)	Rock with perhaps a 100-km-thick ice mantle	
C)	Mostly ice, with perhaps a small rocky core	
D)	Liquid hydrogen, with a small rocky core and a gaseous atmosphere	

Answer Key

1.	D	
2.	A	
3.	D	
4.	D	
5.	D	
6.	D	
7.	C	
8.	C	
9.	D	
10.	D	
11.	B	
12.	C	
13.	B	
14.	B	
15.	C	
16.	B	
17.	B	
18.	D	
19.	A	
20.	B	
21.	C	
22.	A	
23.	A	
24.	A	
25.	A	
26.	D	
27.	C	
28.	D	
29.	D	
30.	B	
31.	C	
32.	B	
33.	D	
34.	A	
35.	B	
36.	D	
37.	C	
38.	D	
39.	A